てください

please do (something)

Build a strong foundation of Japanese with a high-frequency grammar and real-world phrases.

てください is a polite request form in Japanese used to ask someone to do something. It is formed by attaching "ください" to the て-form of a verb, translating to "please do (something)" in English. This structure is commonly used when giving polite instructions, requests, or asking for favors.

In conversation, てください is polite enough to be used in formal situations but also appropriate in casual contexts, depending on the tone. It implies a sense of respect and consideration toward the listener while still clearly requesting an action.

In casual conversations with friends, however, the ください part can be omitted to make the sentence feel more informal. Using just the "て-form" of the verb becomes a quick and casual way of asking someone to do something. For instance, instead of saying "待ってください" (Please wait), you might say just "待って" when speaking with a friend, which conveys the same meaning but in a more relaxed tone.

In very formal situations or when requesting something from a superior, more respectful structures like "ていただけますか" or "もらえますか" might be preferred.

Structure

Verb［て］+ ください

Negative Form:

Verb［ないで］+ ください

JLPT Level

Key uses

1. Polite requests for action

てください is most commonly used to make polite requests for an action. It’s appropriate for both formal and casual conversations, allowing the speaker to ask someone to do something without sounding demanding.

[ Additional Insight ]

This use emphasizes politeness and respect, making it suitable for interactions where a courteous tone is important. It’s a neutral and versatile phrase that can be used in varied social settings, ensuring the speaker’s request is clear yet considerate.

2. Giving polite instructions

This form is often used when giving polite instructions or directions. It’s a respectful way to ask someone to follow through on a task.

[ Additional Insight ]

This use focuses on clarity and respect, making it ideal for situations requiring precise instructions—such as medical advice or workplace settings. It conveys a formal tone without being overly rigid, balancing authority with politeness.

3. Casual variations

In more relaxed settings, omitting "ください" can make the request more direct or casual. This is common among close friends or peers, where politeness is less necessary.

[ Additional Insight ]

This casual variation underscores familiarity and simplicity, often used in informal conversations. By dropping "ください," the tone becomes softer and more direct, reflecting the comfort and closeness between the speaker and the listener. This variation is particularly useful for quick, everyday requests.

Comparisons

1. ていただけませんか

ていただけませんか is a highly formal and respectful way of asking someone to do something. It is often used in professional settings or when addressing superiors, and it translates to "Could you please do ~ for me?" or "Would you be so kind as to ~?" This phrase emphasizes humility and shows deference to the listener.